(Mandarin_MFA_dictionary_v2_0_0)=
# Mandarin MFA dictionary v2.0.0

``````{dictionary} Mandarin MFA dictionary v2.0.0
:id: "Mandarin MFA dictionary v2_0_0"
:tags: Mandarin;MFA;IPA
:language: "Mandarin"
:dialect: N/A
:layout: mfa
:template: dictionary_template
:phoneset: "MFA"
:license: "CC BY 4.0"

   ```{include} ../../../../dictionary/mandarin/mfa/v2.0.0/README.md
    :start-after: "## Dictionary details"
    :end-before: "## Installation"
   ```


   ```{admonition} Acoustic models
   * {ref}`mandarin_mfa_acoustic_model_v2_0_0`
   ```

``````

```{include} ../../../../dictionary/mandarin/mfa/v2.0.0/README.md
:start-after: "new)."
```

## IPA Charts

### Consonants

Obstruent symbols to the left of {fas}`circle;ipa-dot` are unvoiced and those to the right are voiced.

``````{list-table}
:header-rows: 1
:stub-columns: 1
:class: consonant_chart table-striped table-bordered

* - Manner
  - Labial
  - Labiodental
  - Alveolar
  - Retroflex
  - Palatal
  - Velar
  - Glottal
* - {manner}`Nasal`
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * other
      * m
        * Occurrences: 10901
        * Examples
          * 蒙彼利埃: [m o˧˥ ŋ p i˨˩˦ l i˥˩ ʔ ai˥˥]
          * 启蒙运动: [tɕʰ i˨˩˦ m o˧˥ ŋ y˥˩ n t u˥˩ ŋ]
          * 三地门: [s a˥˥ n t i˥˩ m ə˧˥ n]
          * 大五码: [t a˥˩ u˨˩˦ m a˨˩˦]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * other
      * n
        * Occurrences: 63083
        * Examples
          * 卡方检验: [kʰ a˨˩˦ f a˥˥ ŋ tɕ j e˨˩˦ n j e˥˩ n]
          * 阳泉市: [j a˧˥ ŋ tɕʰ ɥ e˧˥ n ʂ ʐ̩˥˩]
          * 奥萨苏纳: [ʔ au˥˩ s a˥˩ s u˥˥ n a˥˩]
          * 汉时关: [x a˥˩ n ʂ ʐ̩˧˥ k w a˥˥ n]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * other
      * ŋ
        * Occurrences: 50129
        * Examples
          * 开裆裤: [kʰ ai˥˥ t a˥˥ ŋ kʰ u˥˩]
          * 五二零: [u˨˩˦ ʔ o˥˩ ɻ l i˧˥ ŋ]
          * 卡方检验: [kʰ a˨˩˦ f a˥˥ ŋ tɕ j e˨˩˦ n j e˥˩ n]
          * 阳泉市: [j a˧˥ ŋ tɕʰ ɥ e˧˥ n ʂ ʐ̩˥˩]
      * ŋ̍
        * Occurrences: 2
        * Examples
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
* - {manner}`Stop`
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * voiceless
      * p
        * Occurrences: 15389
        * Examples
          * 大爆炸: [t a˥˩ p au˥˩ ʈʂ a˥˩]
          * 蒙彼利埃: [m o˧˥ ŋ p i˨˩˦ l i˥˩ ʔ ai˥˥]
          * 预备役: [y˥˩ p ei˥˩ i˥˩]
          * 心照不宣: [ɕ i˥˥ n ʈʂ au˥˩ p u˥˩ ɕ ɥ e˥˥ n]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * voiceless
      * t
        * Occurrences: 17629
        * Examples
          * 大爆炸: [t a˥˩ p au˥˩ ʈʂ a˥˩]
          * 开裆裤: [kʰ ai˥˥ t a˥˥ ŋ kʰ u˥˩]
          * 量身定做: [l j a˥˩ ŋ ʂ ə˥˥ n t i˥˩ ŋ ts w o˥˩]
          * 交叉点: [tɕ j au˥˥ ʈʂʰ a˥˥ t j e˨˩˦ n]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * voiceless
      * k
        * Occurrences: 12785
        * Examples
          * 汉时关: [x a˥˩ n ʂ ʐ̩˧˥ k w a˥˥ n]
          * 爱国歌: [ʔ ai˥˩ k w o˧˥ k o˥˥]
          * 预告片: [y˥˩ k au˥˩ pʰ j a˥˩ ɻ]
          * 故事梗概: [k u˥˩ ʂ ʐ̩˥˩ k o˨˩˦ ŋ k ai˥˩]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * voiceless
      * ʔ
        * Occurrences: 5901
        * Examples
          * 五二零: [u˨˩˦ ʔ o˥˩ ɻ l i˧˥ ŋ]
          * 奥萨苏纳: [ʔ au˥˩ s a˥˩ s u˥˥ n a˥˩]
          * 蒙彼利埃: [m o˧˥ ŋ p i˨˩˦ l i˥˩ ʔ ai˥˥]
          * 爱国歌: [ʔ ai˥˩ k w o˧˥ k o˥˥]
    ```
* - {manner}`Affricate`
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * voiceless
      * ts
        * Occurrences: 7308
        * Examples
          * 新娘子: [ɕ i˥˥ n n j a˧˥ ŋ ts z̩˨]
          * 量身定做: [l j a˥˩ ŋ ʂ ə˥˥ n t i˥˩ ŋ ts w o˥˩]
          * 资产阶级: [ts z̩˥˥ ʈʂʰ a˨˩˦ n tɕ j e˥˥ tɕ i˧˥]
          * 人字拖: [ʐ ə˧˥ n ts z̩˥˩ tʰ w o˥˥]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * voiceless
      * ʈʂ
        * Occurrences: 15212
        * Examples
          * 大爆炸: [t a˥˩ p au˥˩ ʈʂ a˥˩]
          * 心照不宣: [ɕ i˥˥ n ʈʂ au˥˩ p u˥˩ ɕ ɥ e˥˥ n]
          * 牌洲湾: [pʰ ai˧˥ ʈʂ ou˥˥ w a˥˥ n]
          * 赵屯儿: [ʈʂ au˥˩ tʰ w ə˧˥ n ʔ o˧˥ ɻ]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * voiceless
      * tɕ
        * Occurrences: 20864
        * Examples
          * 卡方检验: [kʰ a˨˩˦ f a˥˥ ŋ tɕ j e˨˩˦ n j e˥˩ n]
          * 医学界: [i˥˥ ɕ ɥ e˧˥ tɕ j e˥˩]
          * 交叉点: [tɕ j au˥˥ ʈʂʰ a˥˥ t j e˨˩˦ n]
          * 资产阶级: [ts z̩˥˥ ʈʂʰ a˨˩˦ n tɕ j e˥˥ tɕ i˧˥]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
* - {manner}`Sibilant`
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * voiceless
      * s
        * Occurrences: 7916
        * Examples
          * 奥萨苏纳: [ʔ au˥˩ s a˥˩ s u˥˥ n a˥˩]
          * 帕斯卡: [pʰ a˥˩ s z̩˥˥ kʰ a˨˩˦]
          * 三二六: [s a˥˥ n ʔ o˥˩ ɻ l j ou˥˩]
          * 三地门: [s a˥˥ n t i˥˩ m ə˧˥ n]
    * voiced
      * z̩
        * Occurrences: 6140
        * Examples
          * 汉字文化圈: [x a˥˩ n ts z̩˥˩ w ə˧˥ n x w a˥˩ tɕʰ ɥ e˥˥ n]
          * 词汇范畴: [tsʰ z̩˧˥ x w ei˥˩ f a˥˩ n ʈʂʰ ou˧˥]
          * 资源回收筒: [ts z̩˥˥ ɥ e˧˥ n x w ei˧˥ ʂ ou˥˥ tʰ u˨˩˦ ŋ]
          * 天主子: [tʰ j e˥˥ n ʈʂ u˨˩˦ ts z̩˨˩˦]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * voiceless
      * ʂ
        * Occurrences: 19590
        * Examples
          * 阳泉市: [j a˧˥ ŋ tɕʰ ɥ e˧˥ n ʂ ʐ̩˥˩]
          * 汉时关: [x a˥˩ n ʂ ʐ̩˧˥ k w a˥˥ n]
          * 完全平方数: [w a˧˥ n tɕʰ ɥ e˧˥ n pʰ i˧˥ ŋ f a˥˥ ŋ ʂ u˥˩]
          * 量身定做: [l j a˥˩ ŋ ʂ ə˥˥ n t i˥˩ ŋ ts w o˥˩]
    * voiced
      * ʐ
        * Occurrences: 4322
        * Examples
          * 原来如此: [ɥ e˧˥ n l ai˧˥ ʐ u˧˥ tsʰ z̩˨˩˦]
          * 人字拖: [ʐ ə˧˥ n ts z̩˥˩ tʰ w o˥˥]
          * 入海口: [ʐ u˥˩ x ai˨˩˦ kʰ ou˨˩˦]
          * 人人乐: [ʐ ə˧˥ n ʐ ə˧˥ n ɥ e˥˩]
      * ʐ̩
        * Occurrences: 11374
        * Examples
          * 汉时关: [x a˥˩ n ʂ ʐ̩˧˥ k w a˥˥ n]
          * 钥匙链: [j au˥˩ ʂ ʐ̩˩ l j e˥˩ n]
          * 干湿计: [k a˥˥ n ʂ ʐ̩˥˥ tɕ i˥˩]
          * 故事梗概: [k u˥˩ ʂ ʐ̩˥˩ k o˨˩˦ ŋ k ai˥˩]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * voiceless
      * ɕ
        * Occurrences: 17847
        * Examples
          * 新娘子: [ɕ i˥˥ n n j a˧˥ ŋ ts z̩˨]
          * 山阳县: [ʂ a˥˥ n j a˧˥ ŋ ɕ j e˥˩ n]
          * 医学界: [i˥˥ ɕ ɥ e˧˥ tɕ j e˥˩]
          * 心照不宣: [ɕ i˥˥ n ʈʂ au˥˩ p u˥˩ ɕ ɥ e˥˥ n]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
* - {manner}`Fricative`
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * voiceless
      * f
        * Occurrences: 9086
        * Examples
          * 立法会: [l i˥˩ f a˨˩˦ x w ei˥˩]
          * 卡方检验: [kʰ a˨˩˦ f a˥˥ ŋ tɕ j e˨˩˦ n j e˥˩ n]
          * 完全平方数: [w a˧˥ n tɕʰ ɥ e˧˥ n pʰ i˧˥ ŋ f a˥˥ ŋ ʂ u˥˩]
          * 梵阿玲: [f a˥˩ n ʔ a˥˥ l i˧˥ ŋ]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
* - {manner}`Approximant`
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * other
      * w
        * Occurrences: 36328
        * Examples
          * 立法会: [l i˥˩ f a˨˩˦ x w ei˥˩]
          * 汉时关: [x a˥˩ n ʂ ʐ̩˧˥ k w a˥˥ n]
          * 完全平方数: [w a˧˥ n tɕʰ ɥ e˧˥ n pʰ i˧˥ ŋ f a˥˥ ŋ ʂ u˥˩]
          * 量身定做: [l j a˥˩ ŋ ʂ ə˥˥ n t i˥˩ ŋ ts w o˥˩]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * other
      * ɻ
        * Occurrences: 5119
        * Examples
          * 五二零: [u˨˩˦ ʔ o˥˩ ɻ l i˧˥ ŋ]
          * 爱国歌: [ʔ ai˥˩ k w o˧˥ k o˥˥ ɻ]
          * 三二六: [s a˥˥ n ʔ o˥˩ ɻ l j ou˥˩]
          * 预告片: [y˥˩ k au˥˩ pʰ j a˥˩ ɻ]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * other
      * j
        * Occurrences: 44754
        * Examples
          * 卡方检验: [kʰ a˨˩˦ f a˥˥ ŋ tɕ j e˨˩˦ n j e˥˩ n]
          * 阳泉市: [j a˧˥ ŋ tɕʰ ɥ e˧˥ n ʂ ʐ̩˥˩]
          * 新娘子: [ɕ i˥˥ n n j a˧˥ ŋ ts z̩˨]
          * 量身定做: [l j a˥˩ ŋ ʂ ə˥˥ n t i˥˩ ŋ ts w o˥˩]
      * ɥ
        * Occurrences: 6719
        * Examples
          * 阳泉市: [j a˧˥ ŋ tɕʰ ɥ e˧˥ n ʂ ʐ̩˥˩]
          * 完全平方数: [w a˧˥ n tɕʰ ɥ e˧˥ n pʰ i˧˥ ŋ f a˥˥ ŋ ʂ u˥˩]
          * 医学界: [i˥˥ ɕ ɥ e˧˥ tɕ j e˥˩]
          * 心照不宣: [ɕ i˥˥ n ʈʂ au˥˩ p u˥˩ ɕ ɥ e˥˥ n]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
* - {manner}`Lateral`
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * other
      * l
        * Occurrences: 19041
        * Examples
          * 立法会: [l i˥˩ f a˨˩˦ x w ei˥˩]
          * 五二零: [u˨˩˦ ʔ o˥˩ ɻ l i˧˥ ŋ]
          * 蒙彼利埃: [m o˧˥ ŋ p i˨˩˦ l i˥˩ ʔ ai˥˥]
          * 量身定做: [l j a˥˩ ŋ ʂ ə˥˥ n t i˥˩ ŋ ts w o˥˩]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
``````


### Vowels

Vowel symbols to the left of {fas}`circle;ipa-dot` are unrounded and those to the right are rounded.

``````{list-table}
:header-rows: 1
:stub-columns: 1
:class: vowel_chart table-striped table-bordered

* -
  - Front
  - Near-Front
  - Central
  - Near-Back
  - Back
* - Close
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * unrounded
      * i
        * Occurrences: 45407
        * Examples
          * 五二零: [u˨˩˦ ʔ o˥˩ ɻ l i˧˥ ŋ]
          * 蒙彼利埃: [m o˧˥ ŋ p i˨˩˦ l i˥˩ ʔ ai˥˥]
          * 土地爷: [tʰ u˨˩˦ t i˦ j e˧˥]
          * 东西部: [t u˥˥ ŋ ɕ i˨ p u˥˩]
    * rounded
      * y
        * Occurrences: 8832
        * Examples
          * 预告片: [y˥˩ k au˥˩ pʰ j a˥˩ ɻ]
          * 嫁出去: [tɕ j a˥˩ ʈʂʰ u˥˥ tɕʰ y˨]
          * 尼科巴群岛: [n i˧˥ kʰ o˥˥ p a˥˥ tɕʰ y˧˥ n t au˨˩˦]
          * 渔洋关: [y˧˥ j a˧˥ ŋ k w a˥˥ n]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * rounded
      * u
        * Occurrences: 34483
        * Examples
          * 备不住: [p ei˥˩ p u˩ ʈʂ u˥˩]
          * 加不上: [tɕ j a˥˥ p u˩ ʂ a˥˩ ŋ]
          * 开裆裤: [kʰ ai˥˥ t a˥˥ ŋ kʰ u˥˩]
          * 撑不住: [ʈʂʰ o˥˥ ŋ p u˨ ʈʂ u˥˩]
    ```
* -
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
* - Close-Mid
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * unrounded
      * e
        * Occurrences: 25368
        * Examples
          * 新姑爷: [ɕ i˥˥ n k u˥˥ j e˨]
          * 物业费: [u˥˩ j e˥˩ f ei˥˩]
          * 太平洋保险: [tʰ ai˥˩ pʰ i˧˥ ŋ j a˧˥ ŋ p au˨˩˦ ɕ j e˨˩˦ n]
          * 卡方检验: [kʰ a˨˩˦ f a˥˥ ŋ tɕ j e˨˩˦ n j e˥˩ n]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * rounded
      * o
        * Occurrences: 32711
        * Examples
          * 计算机科学: [tɕ i˥˩ s w a˥˩ n tɕ i˥˥ kʰ o˥˥ ɕ ɥ e˧˥]
          * 量身定做: [l j a˥˩ ŋ ʂ ə˥˥ n t i˥˩ ŋ ts w o˥˩]
          * 放风筝: [f a˥˩ ŋ f o˥˥ ŋ ʈʂ o˨ ŋ]
          * 掏耳朵: [tʰ au˥˥ ʔ o˨˩˦ ɻ t w o˦]
    ```
* -
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * unrounded
      * ə
        * Occurrences: 11950
        * Examples
          * 人字拖: [ʐ ə˧˥ n ts z̩˥˩ tʰ w o˥˥]
          * 哪有什么: [n a˨˩˦ j ou˨˩˦ ʂ o˧˥ m ə˨]
          * 看个够: [kʰ a˥˩ n k ə˩ k ou˥˩]
          * 河溪镇: [x o˧˥ ɕ i˥˥ ʈʂ ə˥˩ n]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
* - Open-Mid
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
* -
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
* - Open
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * unrounded
      * a
        * Occurrences: 57645
        * Examples
          * 昨天早上: [ts w o˧˥ tʰ j e˥˥ n ts au˨˩˦ ʂ a˦ ŋ]
          * 奥萨苏纳: [ʔ au˥˩ s a˥˩ s u˥˥ n a˥˩]
          * 卡方检验: [kʰ a˨˩˦ f a˥˥ ŋ tɕ j e˨˩˦ n j e˥˩ n]
          * 戳嵴樑骨: [ʈʂʰ w o˥˥ tɕ i˨˩˦ l j a˦ ŋ k u˨˩˦]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
``````


#### Diphthongs

* {ipa_inline}`ai`
* {ipa_inline}`au`
* {ipa_inline}`ei`
* {ipa_inline}`ou`

#### Tones

* {ipa_inline}`˥˥`
* {ipa_inline}`˥˩`
* {ipa_inline}`˦`
* {ipa_inline}`˧˥`
* {ipa_inline}`˨`
* {ipa_inline}`˨˩˦`
* {ipa_inline}`˩`